Carburetor



Dec. 12, 1933. Q Q GROSZ 1,939,297

CARBURETOR Filed Aug. 25, 1932 FIG. 1.

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Charles E]. Erusz BY WW M ATTORNEYS.

Patented Dec. 12, 1933 i V UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 1,939,297 7CARBURETOR Charles rGrosz, Wilkes-Barre, Pa. Application August 25,1932. Serial No. 630,462

Claims. (01. 261-14) This invention relates to carbureting apparatus.Figure 4 is a top plan view of the improved mix- The principal object ofthe invention is to proing chamber. p vide an apparatus and a processfor the eflicient In the drawing, wherein like characters desigadmixtureof two or more fluids to produce an nate corresponding parts throughoutthe several 5 explosive vapor. views, the letter A indicates generally amotor 60 Another object is to provide an improved hot vehicle, theletterB an internal combustion engine air vaporizer. whereby a volume ofa pre-heated carried thereby, the letter C the improved apparafluid,such as air, is mixed with a volume of tus attached to the internalcombustion engineB another fluid, suchas gasoline, to produce an exandmotor vehicle A, the letter D the pre-heating plosive vapor. portion ofsaid apparatus C, and the letter E the 65 Another object is to providean apparatus emoarbureting portion of said apparatus C. bodying animproved assembly whereby pre- The motor vehicle A may be of anyapproved heated or unheated air, or the like, is drawn into constructionand includes a suitable support such a novel mixing head, there mixedwith gasoline as a dash 10 provided with an opening ll and a or thelike, which has also been drawn into said suitable number ofperforations 12 for a purpose 70 mixing head and both ejected foremployment as later described. It should be understood however, anexplosive vapor. that the motor vehicle is not essential since it canstill another object is to provide a novel hot e adily en hat h impr vapparatus may air vaporizer, embodying an improved assembly be attachedto a stationary internal combustion whereby air or the like isefliciently pre-heated engine. 76 prior to its admixturewithasuitablehydrocarbon The internal combustion engine B is provided fluid ither ofa high, medium, or low grade, for with a conventional exhaust manifold15 having producing an efiicient explosive vapor. a conventional mainoutlet such as an exhaust Another object is to provide a novelcarburetpipe 16 and an auxiliary outlet provided by drilling apparatusembodying an improved assembly ing or tapping the exhaust manifold as at17 whereby a preliminary volume of air or the like for a purpose laterset out in detail. The inis efficiently pre-heated prior to itsadmixture ternal combustion engine B is also provided with with asuitable hydrocarbon fluid and prior to a conventional inlet manifold 18having a suitthe admixture of the thus mixed fluid with the able inletpipe 19 terminating at its free end 20 30 main air supply. with suitablemeans to attach a carburetor there- 5 Another object is to provide animproved deto. The internal combustion engine B is also vice, inconnection with a carburetor, to pre-heat provided with a suitable fuelsupply line such as a fiuid to be mixed with the hydrocarbon fluid in apipe 21 having a union 22 for connection to the carburetor, said devicebeing located close adthe carbureting portion E of the improved apjacentthe carburetor and not inclosing 'or about paratus C. the exhaustmanifold of an internal combustion The improved apparatus C asheretofore engine,- which location frequently causes overbrought out,includes the pre-heating portion heating of the exhaust manifold. V Dand the carbureting portion E and may be gen- Another object is toprovide a novel hot air erally of any suitable material such as steel,

40 vaporizer which is composed of few and easily brass, copper and thelike. assembled parts, and is inexpensive to manufac- The pro-heatingportion D of the improved ture and is of sturdy construction. apparatusC includes a pipe or conduit 25 con- Other objects and advantages of theinvention nected at its inner end to the exhaust manifold will beapparent from the following detailed de- 15 preferably as shown at 17,so. that a portion 45 scripticn, taken in connection with the accomofthe exhaust gases will travel from the exhaust panying drawing forming apart of this specificamanifold through the pipe 25. Connected to thetion and in which drawing:- outer end of the pipe 25 as by screw threadsFigure 1 is an elevation of the improved apshown in Figure 2, is a valve26 which may comparatus attached to an internal combustion prise a valvebody 27 having a seat 28 and a 50 engine. 7 i

Figure 2 is a vertical section through the imin a preferably elongatedstem or rod 30 which, proved apparatus. in the case of the motor vehicleA, extends to Figure 3 is anenlarged fragmentary vertical the dash 10where the rod is suitably connected section through an improved mixingchamber and to a handle 31 extending through the opening 11 associatedparts of the improved apparatus. in the dash 10 and surrounded by asleeve 32 at- 11 preferably screw threaded valve head 29 ending tachedto the dash 10 as by screws 33 extending into the perforations 12. Itcan be seen that by turning the handle 31 the rod and valve head 29 willrevolve, the screw threads 34 in the valve head cooperating with thescrew threads in the valve body, as is apparent from Figure 2, and thepassageway 35 through the valve body will be adjusted thereby so thatthe volume of gases passing through the passageway may be varied.Attached to the end 36 of the valve 26 as by screw threads is a pipe orconduit 37 which extends to a hollow heat-exchange member 40. I

The heat exchange member 40 is preferably spherical and provides aclosed chamber 41. The walls of the member 40 are preferably ratherthick although the member is not large as can be seen from Figure 1, anddepending from the inner surface of the wall of the member 40 is aprotuberance 42 provided with a screw threaded, outwardly opening socket43 as shown in Figure 2. A restricted passageway 44 extends from theinner end of the socket 43 through the protuberance 42 and opens intothe chamber 41. Preferably axially aligned with this passageway 44 is asecond passageway 45 of like diameter extending from the chamber 41 tothe outside of the member 40. With their axes preferably at right anglesto the axes of the passageways 44 and 45 are two other passageways 46and 47 which may be opposite each other and which form an inlet (46) andan outlet (47) these passageways extending from the chamber 41 throughscrew threaded nipples 48 and 49 and a union 50 connects the end of thepipe 37 to the member 40 as shown in Figure 2, while a second union 51connects the member 40 to a second pipe or conduit 52 which is adaptedto lead the gases flowing therethrough to any suitable place of outlet(not shown). Apreferably screw threaded nipple or hollow connection 53is provided and adapted to be attachedto the member 40 from the socket43 and protrudes therefrom, for a purpose later explained. It should beunderstood however, that this nipple 53 could be cast or otherwiseformed as part of the member 40, as are the nipples 48 and 49.

Extending through the member 40 and its chamber 41 is a pipe or conduitwith its opposite ends projecting beyond the member 40. The pipe 60extends through the passageways 44, 45 and through the passageway in thenipple 53 where it has a preferably fairly tight fit with the walls ofthe several passageways. From the above and from Figure 2 it will beseen that gases forced through the pipe 3'7 will enter the chamber 41,strike the pipe 60, circle about it and flow out through the pipe 52.The gases do not flow along the pipe to any extent but rather strike itand flow about it. More will be stated relative "to this conduit 60 inconnection with adescription of the carbureting portionE of theapparatus C. l

The carbureting portion E of the apparatus C includes a carburetor ofmore or less conventional build. This includes a covered float chamber61 provided with a conventional float 62 to regu-' late the liquid .fuellevel within the carburetor, and a liquid fuel inlet 63 from'the outsideand surrounded by a screw threaded nipple 64. The nipple connects withthe pipe 21 by the union 22. A fluid fuelpassageway or channel 65 leadsfrom preferably the base of the float chamber 61 in a generallyhorizontal direction to the mixing-portion 65 of the carburetor where itcommunicates with the passageway through an upwardly extending innernozzle or spray head 66 which opens slightly below the mouth of an outernozzle or spray head 67 surrounding the inner nozzle 66 and spaced aparttherefrom. This outer nozzle 67 has communication with the channel 65 byway of a perforated compensator jet 68 and passageway 69, there beingalso a vertical well '70 communicating with the passageway and having asuitable air inlet. In addition to communicating with the passageway 69the well communicates with the compensator jet 68, and fills with fluidfuel from the float chamber. The nozzles 66 and 67 open upwardly into aventuri or choke tube '71, at the end of which is a butterfly valve 72.The outlet 73 above the butterfly valve 72 may be provided with a flange'74 and screw threaded openings '75 for attaching the assembly to theinternal combustion engine B, in a manner which is well known. Leadingfromthe atmosphere to the choke tube 71 is a main air inlet '76 and thevolume of air taken in may be regulated by the butterfly valve 77.

Again referring to the conduit 60, it will be seen from Figure 3 that asit emerges from the upper end of the nipple 53 it bells out into apreferably funnel-shaped enlargement which may be termed a mixing headand the chamber therein a mixing chamber 81, The circumference of thelarger end 82 of this enlargement 80 is preferably substantially theouter circumference of the enlarged lower end of the inner nozzle 66 andthe height of the enlargement that of the height of the passageway 65 sothat the end 80 will prevent the conduit 60 from dropping out throughthe'nipple 53 in one direction (downwardly, as in Figure 2 or 3) andwhen the enlargement is in place its upper end 82 will abut the end ofthe inner nozzle and block the way from the channel 65 to the passagewayin the inner nozzle 66. However, a pluraliity of notches 83 are suitablymade in preferably the end 82 of the enlargement 80 which form aplurality of spaced apart teeth or projections 84. Thus the notches maybe said to form a plurality of restricted passageways between thechannel 65 and the mixing chamber 81 and of course there is thencommunication established between the channel 65 and the passageway thruthe inner nozzle 66. Preferably just below where the conduit 60 emergesfrom the lower end or bottom of the member 40, it makesa substantiallyright angular bend as at 8'7 and projects therefrom horizontally for ashort distance and then makes another preferably right angular bend andextends upwardly ending in a goose neck bend 88 with the said bend abovethe normal level of liquid fuel in the float chamber and of course abovethe free end of the nozzles 66 and 67 as shown in Figure 2. Thedownwardly facing opening 89 at the end of the bend may be slightlybelled and a filter screen (not shown) inserted for the purpose ofexcluding dust and other foreign matter. It is apparent that thisconduit 60 may be integral or of several sections and at 11 least theportions thereof within the member 40 should be of one of the metalswhich are good conductors of heat.

For the purpose of making a tight connection between the pie-heatingportion D and the carbureting portion E of the improved apparatus C, alock nut 90 may be provided for engagement with the nipple 53 andabutting the end of the carbureting portion as shown in Figure 2.

However, it should be noted that the carbureting portion E andpre-heating portion D of the improved apparatus C may be cast as one orotherwise made integral.

In the operation of the improved apparatus, it will be apparent thatliquid fuel from the float chamber will seek its level in the well 70,the nozzles 66 and 67 and conduit through the channels and 69,compensator jet 68 and notches in the enlargement 80. When the internalcombustion engine B is started the liquid fuel will be sucked from theconduit 60 to give the necessary rich starting fuel for mixture with theair in the choke tube '11 drawn in from the air intake '76 and that airwill then enter the empty conduit 60 being sucked in by the vacuumcreated by the engine. This supplementary supply of air will mix in themixing chamber 81 with the plurality of flne jets of liquid fuel alsobeing sucked into the chamber 81 and be drawn through the nozzle66.Opening. the valve 26 will allow the hot gases from the exhaust manifoldto flow through the conduit 37 and enter the preheating chamber 41 wherethey will strike the full length of the conduit 60 therein and heat thesame which in turn will pre-heat the air passing air will mix with thefine jets of liquid fuel mentioned, heat the liquid fuel and thoroughlyvaporize the same not only in the mixing head but also in the choketube, so that there will be no raw fuel drawn into the intake manifold.

From the above, it will be seen that this preliminary supply ofvaporized fuel is produced prior to its emergence from the inner jet andbefore it comes into contact with the other portion of the fuel and theair entering the air intake. The valve26 of course permits theregulating of the volume of hot exhaust gases entering the preheatingchamber and while the latter is relatively small and in no manner in theway nor cumbersome, it is particularly efficient since the hot gases donot travel along the conduit 60 nor deposit solids thereon, but strikeagainst it and are aided in doing so, rather than hindered, by theprotuberance 42.

It can be seen from the above that the air is pre-heated just before itmixes with the fluid fuel spray and does not have to travel a distancealong a conduit or the like after it is pre-heat'ed,

'2 thereby losing much of its heat.

The funnel-shape and location of the enlarge,- ment not only provides agood mixing chamber and prevents the conduit 60 from dropping out, butany foreign matter, carried'along the conduit 65 by the fuel, which maynot settle into the cavity of the clean-out plug of the carburetor willbe carried against the downwardly and inwardly sloping sides of theenlargement and settle at the base of the same from which place it maybe removed as required.

mixing chamber, said chamber having a volume greater than said conduitwhen measured equal height of said enlargement for equal height of saidconduit, said enlargement carried within said fluid fuel passageway andopening into the passageway through said nozzle and provided with arestricted inlet for the fluid fuel from said fluid fuel pasageway.

2. In a carbureting apparatus, a carburetor having a fluid fuelpassageway and a spray nozzle communicating therewith, and means formixing fluid fuel and a second fluid to promote through the conduit 60so that this pre-heated the combustion thereof, including a conduit forsaid second fluid, said conduit having a funnelshaped hollow enlargementat its end providing a mixing chamber, said enlargement carried in saidfluid passageway and with its free end in abutment with the inner end ofsaid nozzle and surrounding the end of the passageway through saidnozzle, said free end of said enlargement having a plurality of notches,whereby fluid fuel from said fluid fuel passageway will have arestricted inlet through said notches to said chamber.

4. In a carbureting apparatus, a carburetor having a fluid fuelpassageway and a hollow spray head communicating therewith, the axes ofsaid passageway and hollow within said head being at substantially aright angle to each other, and means. for mixing fluid fuel and a secondfluid to promote the combustion thereof, including a conduit for saidsecond fuel, said conduit having a hollow enlargement at its end carriedin said fluid fuel passageway, providing a mixing chamber, and with theaxis of said hollow enlargement substantially aligning with the axis ofsaid hollow within said head, the enlarged end of said conduitinabutment with the end of said head and having a plurality ofrestricted passageways at its end in abutment with the end of said head,said restricted passageways providing a plurality of restricted inletsto said mixing cham her from said fluid fuel passageway.

5. In a carbureting apparatus, a hollow substantially spherical member,a conduit extending across the chamber within said hollow member andprojecting without the same, means at one end of said conduit to receivefluid hydrocarbon fuel in a flnely divided condition and mix therewith asecond fluid flowing through said conduit, and means to convey a heatedfluid through the interior of said hollow member in heat exchangerelation with the conduit therein, including a pair of opposedpassageways opening into said chamber, with their axes at substantiallya right angle to the axes of said conduit within said chamber.

CHARLES O. GROSZ.

